Nano/microplastics in agricultural soils and their impacts on physiology, morphology, and plant health

Document Type : Review Article

Author

Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

Abstract

Nowaday, plastic contamination is one of the most pressing environmental challenges. With annual production exceeding 360 million tons, plastics have infiltrated into various parts of ecosystem and are alarmingly prevalent in gardens, agricultural fields, and soils of industrial zones worldwide. Over time, these larger plastic particles degrade into smaller fragments, including microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs). Among these, NPs pose the most significant threat due to their diminutive size,  allowing them to be absorbed by living organisms and subsequently move into the food chain and leading to potential bioaccumulation. This review article aims to synthesize current knowledge on the impact of micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) on soil health, plant physiology, and human health by identifying key themes and knowledge gaps in the literature. Recent studies have highlighted the detrimental effects of MNPs on soil health, revealing that agricultural practices, such as utilizing plastic mulch and synthetic fertilizers, have contributed to the elevated MNP concentrations in soils worldwide. The uptake of MNPs by plants can alter their physiological and morphological characteristics, as well as their gene expression profiles, leading to unpredictable consequences for plant health, growth, and productivity. These contaminants can be absorbed directly into plant tissues or adhere to root surfaces, raising concerns about the potential transfer of MNPs into the food supply. The implications for human health are profound, as the consumption of contaminated crops may lead to adverse health effects, including endocrine disruption and inflammatory responses. While the impact of traditional soil pollutants, such as heavy metals, has been extensively studied, the emerging risks posed by plastic contaminants require urgent attention. This review contributes to existing literature by broadening our understanding of MNPs and their effects, ultimately aiming to safeguard both plant and human health despite escalating environmental plastic contamination.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Dryland Soil Research (DLSR)
Volume 2, Issue 1
March 2025
Pages 49-64

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